Selling
puts is a bullish or neutral strategy where profits are
earned by receiving premium for the put option. It's
frequently used instead of a covered call.
Not
everyone can sell naked puts. First your broker is going
to want to know if you have any experience with options,
and he's going to require a certain amount of cash or
equities in your account, and that amount can vary from
broker to broker.
This
review is not intended as an in depth study on the
subject, but as a brief review. If you have an interest in
selling naked puts, I suggest you first begin by studying
the subject. Don't just dive in. There are many good books
available on the subject.
Let's
work through an example. On Sep 18th Compaq Computer
closed at 30 5/8. The Oct 35 Put closed at 4 5/8. If
you're bullish on this stock you could do several things.
But we'll discuss a bullish position by selling puts. If
you thought the stock would reach or go beyond 35, you'd
sell the Oct 35 Put.
Once
your brokerage account is set up and funded, you would
call your broker (or do it online), place an order to sell
the Oct 35 Put. This is a "Sell to Open" order.
You are selling something to open a position. If you sold
10 contracts, $4,625.00 would be deposited into your
account the next day. This will show up as a short
position on your statement from your broker.
Now,
if the stock has risen above the 35 strike price on
expiration day, the option expires worthless and the
entire $4625 is yours to keep (less commissions of
course.) But you don't have to wait until expiration date
to do something with it. If you sold options at 4 5/8 and
the stock price jumped very quickly such that the option
price has now fallen to 1 or 1 1/2, you can buy them back
and close out the position. Your profit is the difference
in what you sold them for and what you had to pay to buy
them back to close the position. Frequently, options are
sold many times prior to expiration date.
What
happens if the price of the stock drops after the position
is opened? First, if you're the seller of the puts, and
you haven't closed out the position on expiration day, the
stock can be put to you. That means you have to buy the
stock at the strike price. If you sold the Oct 35 Put and
the price of the stock fell to 29, you'd have to buy the
stock for 35. Of course, the cost of the stock would be
offset with the premium you received in the first place.
You
could choose to buy the put back just before expiration so
that the stock would not be put to you. The Put price
would be 6, and maybe a little change, since the put is 6
dollars in the money, right at expiration. You sold the
puts for 4 5/8, had to buy them back for 6, so you have a
loss of 1 3/8, right? Well that's right if you leave it
there, but a salvage technique is to buy the put back for
six, then immediately sell the next month put at the same
strike price. You'd sell the November 30 put for 6 dollars
(the intrinsic value) plus you'd get additional premium
for the time-value. So the put might sell for 8 dollars.
Now you've got another month for the stock price to rise.
If it rises above 35, at expiration the option would
expire worthless and the premium is completely yours to
keep. This cycle could go on many times.
Selling
puts can be very profitable, but like all option trading
there is risk. It is possible to sell a put, and the stock
price fall to zero. Your liability would be the entire
strike price. Now let's be real, how many stocks really
fall to zero? Not many, but it can happen. So when
choosing the stocks on which to sell puts, use the same
care that you would if you were buying call options.
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Strategies
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Short
Put
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Component
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Sell
put
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Potential
profit
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Maximum
loss
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Time
value impact
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Positive
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Break-even
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Strike
price minus premium received
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